35 KiB
35 KiB
type:: REVIEWS/PhDThesis tags:: REVIEWS/PhDThesis year:: 2024 venue:: full-title:: Model-Driven Engineering for IoT Applications: a focus on Reusability and Portability date-start:: 14-03-2024 - 15:23 date-submitted:: external-links:: status:: DONE deadline-submission:: 11-04-2024 file:: Polini et al. - Model-Driven Engineering for IoT Applications a f.pdf {{zotero-imported-file YEB6TW2F, "Polini et al. - Model-Driven Engineering for IoT Applications a f.pdf"}} parent:: deadline:: 11-04-2024 todoist:: https://app.todoist.com/showTask?id=7782955647
- ### [[Highlights]]
collapsed:: true
- “The Internet of Things (IoT) has ushered in a paradigm shift, reshaping our worldview and unlocking new horizons for delivering advanced services by connecting billions of devices and sensors.” ([Polini et al., p. iii](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=3&annotation=HJACRLD8)) #5fb236
- “heterogeneous devices with different scopes” ([Polini et al., p. iii](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=3&annotation=8GRSDL2P)) #5fb236
- “interoperability” ([Polini et al., p. iii](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=3&annotation=C49AXKKI)) #5fb236
- “heterogeneity poses significant challenges in the design, development, and deployment of IoT solution” ([Polini et al., p. iii](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=3&annotation=FGWEWEUL)) #5fb236
- “proprietary architectures” ([Polini et al., p. iii](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=3&annotation=YS4CTCI7)) #5fb236
- “developing IoT solutions is highly dependent on a distinct vendor’s ecosystem and technologies” ([Polini et al., p. iii](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=3&annotation=EGLKSRMY)) #5fb236
- “model-driven engineering methodology for the design, development and deployment of reusable and portable IoT applications.” ([Polini et al., p. iii](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=3&annotation=UTG65G63)) #5fb236
- “facilitate the creation of IoT solutions that can be ported across different IoT platforms” ([Polini et al., p. iii](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=3&annotation=5CZH3IFH)) #5fb236
- “A domain-specific modelling language was developed to model IoT-related elements and their relations. This language abstracts from specific platform functionalities and facilitates platform-agnostic representations, allowing refinements and portability across target IoT platforms through model-to-text transformations” ([Polini et al., p. iii](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=3&annotation=NRCKQEN2)) #5fb236
- “The microservice architecture and the methodology are validated through a testing prototype and evaluated by 50 participants who shared the benefits of the proposed solution.” ([Polini et al., p. iii](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=3&annotation=Y8GPX2TT)) #5fb236
- “designing, developing, and deploying IoT applications driven by the heterogeneity of devices, resources, and communication protocols.” ([Polini et al., p. v](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=5&annotation=AGQYQBVH)) #5fb236
- “Software Product Lines” ([Polini et al., p. v](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=5&annotation=NHJSXBPY)) #5fb236
- “IoT and Digital Twins” ([Polini et al., p. vii](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=7&annotation=MJ48UAVA)) #5fb236
- “DTMN: a Modelling Notation for Digital Twins” ([Polini et al., p. vii](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=7&annotation=42HFPSRE)) #5fb236
- “The essence of IoT lies in the intricate network comprising diverse physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies, fostering communication and data exchange without human intervention” ([Polini et al., p. 3](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=19&annotation=PACU9B6T)) #5fb236
- “given the high heterogeneity of the elements involved, the design, development and deployment of such IoT solutions brings several challenges that this thesis aims to overcome.” ([Polini et al., p. 3](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=19&annotation=QF6PCXFW)) #a28ae5
- “complexity is primarily attributed to the high degree of heterogeneity intrinsic to the IoT domain in handling different elements such as IoT devices, data types, protocols, cloud platforms, and many others.” ([Polini et al., p. 4](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=20&annotation=UNEEY3X5)) #a28ae5
- “enterprises, which tend to build ad-hoc solutions tailored to the specific use-case requirements” ([Polini et al., p. 4](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=20&annotation=4ZUWA78J)) #a28ae5
- “This way, while offering granular control and satisfying immediate customer needs, incurs considerable effort and costs in managing different heterogeneous elements that must be repeated for each new solution, even if similarities exist” ([Polini et al., p. 4](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=20&annotation=GK5LD3NW)) #5fb236
- “collaborations involving diverse experts, each contributing unique expertise, in the entire IoT application life-cycle” ([Polini et al., p. 4](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=20&annotation=V6Q3NRYC)) #a28ae5
- “devices must be adapted to the physical environment, and integrated” ([Polini et al., p. 4](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=20&annotation=PM87Z9TX)) #5fb236
- “information systems to capture real-world data and make more informed decisions.” ([Polini et al., p. 4](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=20&annotation=V9ZYGKJM)) #5fb236
- “Reusability mechanisms are based on the fact that once a given structure has been developed or a given knowledge acquired, it can be saved for subsequent reuse by developing modular and standardised components [160]” ([Polini et al., p. 4](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=20&annotation=Z2VQZISG)) #5fb236
- “necessitating a shift toward reusability as a mechanism to mitigate development barriers and enhance efficiency support” ([Polini et al., p. 4](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=20&annotation=W78WJA8Z)) #5fb236
- “reusability is not only a methodological concern but also a technological imperative.” ([Polini et al., p. 5](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=21&annotation=7CTLSS5C)) #5fb236
- “deciding which IoT platform to adopt is estimated to require almost one year of study” ([Polini et al., p. 5](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=21&annotation=VLGUK92X)) #5fb236
- “Model-driven engineering (MDE) exhibits a promising potential to decrease the complexity of IoT application development” ([Polini et al., p. 5](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=21&annotation=W4F3J9KX)) #5fb236
- “1.2 Research Question and Contributions” ([Polini et al., p. 6](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=22&annotation=DBEJVUKT)) #ffd400
*I recommend adding a figure in this section to graphical represent the different contributions and how they are connected, thus to show the contributions that underpin other ones. Moreover, I would label the contributions that have been concretized in a corresponding software and put its name. You can also link the different phase starting from design up to deployment etc.*
- “Research Question. “How to facilitate a model-driven design, development and deployment of IoT applications focusing on reusability and portability?”” ([Polini et al., p. 6](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=22&annotation=HMPBABIW)) #5fb236
- “gaps and opportunities for improvement in terms of reusability and portability.” ([Polini et al., p. 6](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=22&annotation=WAXRUAGM)) #a28ae5
- “ecosystem that covers the life-cycle of IoT applications, from the first architecture concepts up to the deployment of the application” ([Polini et al., p. 6](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=22&annotation=S39T834S)) #a28ae5
- “Separation of Concerns focus.” ([Polini et al., p. 6](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=22&annotation=3N2ACA9F)) #a28ae5
- “Multi-view models to represent IoT applications” ([Polini et al., p. 6](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=22&annotation=AN4GNZL8)) #a28ae5
- “Reusability of IoT Knowledge, models and artefacts” ([Polini et al., p. 7](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=23&annotation=BRYDWWE3)) #a28ae5
- “repository of reusable assets that can be leveraged across multiple IoT projects” ([Polini et al., p. 7](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=23&annotation=B7Z3FM63)) #ffd400
*That's interesting, repository of reusable assets... how to ensure platform independence?*
- “Design Science Research (DSR) Methodology” ([Polini et al., p. 9](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=25&annotation=ZL3Y8P6D)) #a28ae5
- “An important aspect of the DSR methodology is its inherent flexibility, allowing for the repetition of each activity.” ([Polini et al., p. 10](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=26&annotation=J6IHEFEG)) #5fb236
- “Section 2.3 describes the IoT application life-cycle together with the mapping of the various actors involved for each step. Section 2.4 concludes the chapter with a detailed analysis of the open challenges in IoT application development.” ([Polini et al., p. 11](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=27&annotation=7QJ4V2M9)) #5fb236
- “Section 3.2 sheds light on the interconnection of MDE and the IoT domain, presenting several models used to model the IoT domain. These models are domain-specific models, Business process models and feature models.” ([Polini et al., p. 11](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=27&annotation=IEDU7KBH)) #5fb236
- “comparison of the MDE approach targeting the development of IoT application” ([Polini et al., p. 11](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=27&annotation=JDA92NL9)) #5fb236
- “limitations of the analysed approaches” ([Polini et al., p. 11](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=27&annotation=8JMMWCFF)) #5fb236
- “proposed methodology” ([Polini et al., p. 11](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=27&annotation=QZUL9P6J)) #5fb236
- “panoramic over the proposed approach” ([Polini et al., p. 11](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=27&annotation=9VWX3G2L)) #5fb236
- “use case scenario” ([Polini et al., p. 11](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=27&annotation=EI8RS6HN)) #5fb236
- “Design Phase” ([Polini et al., p. 11](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=27&annotation=4ZSWKPBF)) #a28ae5
- “Development Phase” ([Polini et al., p. 12](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=28&annotation=RP82HGVL)) #a28ae5
- “Development and the Deployment” ([Polini et al., p. 12](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=28&annotation=2AUKRUKB)) #a28ae5
- “discussion and limitations of the proposed methodology” ([Polini et al., p. 12](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=28&annotation=FZGP4WPH)) #a28ae5
- “complex, time-consuming, and challenging activity.” ([Polini et al., p. 24](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=40&annotation=ZEGAG9X2)) #5fb236
- “IoT introduces highly intricate and dynamic relationships among experts.” ([Polini et al., p. 24](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=40&annotation=EZLQH4N6)) #a28ae5
- “hardware design, software development, network architecture, data analytics, and user experience, among others.” ([Polini et al., p. 24](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=40&annotation=ERTEQZ4P)) #5fb236
- “Individual who represent” ([Polini et al., p. 26](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=42&annotation=TFBHUBRS)) #ff6666
*Individuals*
- “this decision takes eleven months to handle correctly, and no mechanisms to facilitate this decision have been proposed yet.” ([Polini et al., p. 27](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=43&annotation=QQ9XYL8M)) #ffd400
*How is you approaches able to improve this?*
- “For example, an IoT application developed for AWS IoT Core may rely on AWS-specific services and APIs that are not easily transferable to another IoT platform, such as the Microsoft Azure IoT” ([Polini et al., p. 35](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=51&annotation=DQYSRTEA)) #5fb236
- “(” ([Polini et al., p. 35](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=51&annotation=JV33CL5Z)) #ff6666
- “these solutions provide execution platforms that are extremely coupled with a specific technology” ([Polini et al., p. 45](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=61&annotation=VR2U48YG)) #a28ae5
- “Section 4.4 discusses the presented comparison and highlights the open challenges that these MDE approaches present.” ([Polini et al., p. 47](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=63&annotation=BJ9FQ78S)) #a28ae5
- “Figure 4.1: Search and filtering process.” ([Polini et al., p. 49](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=65&annotation=M6NSXZE7)) #a28ae5
*Fico*
- “Were also considered four criteria for exclusion” ([Polini et al., p. 49](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=65&annotation=KYIYI6T5)) #ff6666
- “These specifications are then translated as platform-specific code that can be deployed on low-level IoT devices. The entire approach is supported by the CHESSIoT Tool.” ([Polini et al., p. 53](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=69&annotation=BFC4G3UN)) #5fb236
- “CHESSIoT” ([Polini et al., p. 55](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=71&annotation=T9KKZGXE)) #ff6666
*I think the annotations in Tab 4.1 given to ChessIoT do not reflect the capabilities of ChessIoT. Please double check.*
- “Table” ([Polini et al., p. 60](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=76&annotation=NW87RBY5)) #ffd400
*It is important to mention also possible early analysis activities that might be performed on the modeling artifacts to possibly detect potential faults. THe work is already dense and I'm suggesting to mention that this is an additional activities that need to be supported by ideal approaches.*
- “While developers commonly face the complexity of adapting existing models or already implemented code, this methodology proposes a paradigm shift in which reusability is considered from the early stages of the application’s life cycle.” ([Polini et al., p. 67](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=83&annotation=SP76UR77)) #a28ae5
- “feature models as a semantic representation of all functionalities and IoT devices pertinent to that domain” ([Polini et al., p. 68](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=84&annotation=4EUJUYUR)) #a28ae5
- “IoT-enhanced business process models.” ([Polini et al., p. 68](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=84&annotation=QWMFZDM9)) #a28ae5
- “Figure 5.2: Microservice Architecture” ([Polini et al., p. 74](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=90&annotation=RUD8M59C)) #ffd400
*What are the implicated dependencies induced by the adopted BPMN Engine?*
- “1FloWare web page: www.pros.unicam.it/floware” ([Polini et al., p. 79](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=95&annotation=GZPR3EIQ)) #ff6666
*The link is not working.*
- “Business Process in the IoT” ([Polini et al., p. 93](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=109&annotation=74VJ2SY7)) #5fb236
- “integrate IoT elements inside business processe” ([Polini et al., p. 93](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=109&annotation=4JRZ4NP6)) #5fb236
- “Business Engineer in making informed decisions during the modelling process.” ([Polini et al., p. 94](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=110&annotation=MXKL75EQ)) #5fb236
- “High-Level Events” ([Polini et al., p. 101](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=117&annotation=DIUH3YW9)) #ff6666
*Put in bold*
- “reusability and portability in the design, development, and deployment of these solutions.” ([Polini et al., p. 125](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=141&annotation=B9WBVTMS)) #a28ae5
- “single feature model for multiple customer requests enables reusability, streamlining development processes and enhancing scalability.” ([Polini et al., p. 125](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=141&annotation=ZHK4NQR8)) #a28ae5
- “mapping of features and devices, companies can navigate solution requirements with clarity and precision, facilitating improved communication and alignment among stakeholders” ([Polini et al., p. 125](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=141&annotation=F9DIF2R3)) #a28ae5
- “platform-independent modelling strategy adept at capturing the heterogeneous IoT functionalities and devices and their integration within business processes with different views and domain-specific models” ([Polini et al., p. 125](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=141&annotation=2MYD2AGV)) #a28ae5
- “mitigates the risks associated with vendor lock-in” ([Polini et al., p. 125](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=141&annotation=VTQ8K8E2)) #a28ae5
- “high-level representation of an IoT application that ensures portable deployment solutions compatible with several IoT platforms and middleware” ([Polini et al., p. 125](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=141&annotation=DYMD6VVX)) #a28ae5
- “refining platform-independent models with technology-specific information tailored to the IoT platform” ([Polini et al., p. 125](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=141&annotation=FHUW6EFT)) #a28ae5
- “evaluating the proposed methodology within the context of microservice architecture” ([Polini et al., p. 131](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=147&annotation=YWIQWDLN)) #5fb236
- “Supporting Architecture Prototype” ([Polini et al., p. 131](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=147&annotation=WRIJHUZ2)) #ffd400
*This chapter disrupts the flow maintained so far. In Chapter 8 you show the different steps of the process by finishing it with the the deployment of the modeled IoT applications on different platforms. What's the role of the architecture presented in chapter 10? Can it be seen as an alternative platform that you are proposing that can be considered at the same level of Azure or ThingsBoard? If this is the case, it is important to highlights the strengths and limitations of the proposed platform (i.e., architecture prototype) with respect to the alternative ones that have been considered earlier in the document.*
- “According to [266], a way of preliminary evaluating the proposal of a new architecture is through developing a prototype” ([Polini et al., p. 132](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=148&annotation=MBU9XUZF)) #5fb236
- “Hypothesis. The proposed FloBP approach and the supporting infrastructure allow an effective collaboration to construct and deploy an IoT-enhanced BP, the flow of coordinated tasks, the IoT devices participating in the BP, and the interactions the process must have with IoT devices.” ([Polini et al., p. 137](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=153&annotation=6WX6D7S7)) #5fb236
- “participants were asked to define the corresponding model according to the role played.” ([Polini et al., p. 137](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=153&annotation=MCZJMFBZ)) #a28ae5
- “A” ([Polini et al., p. 137](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=153&annotation=KLD5Y482)) #ff6666
- “The number of recruited participants was designed to facilitate their distribution into two balanced groups of ten participants.” ([Polini et al., p. 138](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=154&annotation=DCMEUQAF)) #ffd400
*This sentence is not consistent with the detail given below with the description of the three groups (30 + 10 + 10).*
- “two balanced groups of ten participants” ([Polini et al., p. 138](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=154&annotation=3KHPJF4R)) #ffd400
*Maybe two groups of 25 participants?*
- “bench-marked” ([Polini et al., p. 138](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=154&annotation=DT7QCQEW)) #ff6666
*benchmarked*
- “NASA-TLX questionnaire” ([Polini et al., p. 138](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=154&annotation=UHANJR7J)) #a28ae5
- “Mental demand” ([Polini et al., p. 139](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=155&annotation=CCFC7WVR)) #5fb236
- “Physical demand” ([Polini et al., p. 139](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=155&annotation=9I558PW2)) #5fb236
- “Temporal demand” ([Polini et al., p. 139](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=155&annotation=VLRNYJJW)) #5fb236
- “Effort” ([Polini et al., p. 139](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=155&annotation=7XX5TE5S)) #5fb236
- “Performance” ([Polini et al., p. 139](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=155&annotation=LKRU6RSW)) #5fb236
- “Frustration level” ([Polini et al., p. 139](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=155&annotation=GZMKZYT7)) #5fb236
- “presented model-driven approach allows an effective collaborative development to create IoT applications converging more modelling language as feature models, BPMN and DSL.” ([Polini et al., p. 145](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=161&annotation=62XQCR47)) #5fb236
- “As commented above, this experiment recruits participants so that members of the same group have similar profiles.” ([Polini et al., p. 146](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=162&annotation=5ZABUU5B)) #5fb236
- “The present and future trajectory of this thesis is firmly directed towards the application of the proposed methodology within new interrelated emergent topics, such as the realm of digital twin technology.” ([Polini et al., p. 149](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=165&annotation=N5V4N4BM)) #a28ae5
- “thesis aims to unlock new possibilities for innovation and advancement in diverse fields, from manufacturing and healthcare to smart cities and others.” ([Polini et al., p. 149](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=165&annotation=JARY9RTC)) #a28ae5
- “This data enables digital twins to accurately capture and reflect the current state of the physical system, enhancing the capabilities of IoT applications and facilitating precise monitoring, analysis, and prediction of performance metrics” ([Polini et al., p. 149](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=165&annotation=X6G5L9UK)) #a28ae5
- “possible integration of the proposed methodology for designing and developing a Digital Twin Modelling Notation (DTMN) and to provide deployment support” ([Polini et al., p. 150](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=166&annotation=C6GC62H5)) #5fb236
- “analysis between existing IoT platforms that can be used to implement digital twin solutions.” ([Polini et al., p. 150](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=166&annotation=LRLCBYBP)) #a28ae5
- “predict changes in the physical system to foster decision-making and provide the opportunity to apply preventive actions for optimising system behaviour and/or mitigating unexpected events.” ([Polini et al., p. 150](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=166&annotation=MQRG7J92)) #a28ae5
- “This thesis presents a model-driven methodology to offer a systematic approach to the design, development, and deployment of IoT applications.” ([Polini et al., p. 163](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=179&annotation=XL9C574Y)) #a28ae5
- “By adopting a model-driven engineering paradigm, this thesis aimed to streamline the development process, promote consistency, and facilitate the adoption of IoT solutions across diverse environments and use cases.” ([Polini et al., p. 163](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=179&annotation=FUC7NNCS)) #a28ae5
- “importance of abstraction layers and separation of concerns design principles to encapsulate functionalities and promote reuse by design” ([Polini et al., p. 163](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=179&annotation=QF8C2D97)) #a28ae5
- “different types of models, such as feature models, IoT-enhanced business processes and a domain-specific modelling language tailored to the IoT domain, this methodology provided a structure for capturing the intricacies of the IoT domain while maintaining clarity and comprehensibility.” ([Polini et al., p. 163](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=179&annotation=UQ6AYBQH)) #a28ae5
- “reusability” ([Polini et al., p. 163](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=179&annotation=SCTQ37LA)) #a28ae5
- “portability” ([Polini et al., p. 163](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=179&annotation=MRFCPXU2)) #a28ae5
- “IoT platforms receiving events resulting from data manipulation of the devices” ([Polini et al., p. 164](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=180&annotation=EZXMNTTD)) #a28ae5
- “this entire methodology has been validated through a case study involving a smart canteen.” ([Polini et al., p. 164](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=180&annotation=2JAZGPEP)) #a28ae5
- “[69] Flavio Corradini et al. “FloWare: a model-driven approach fostering reuse and customisation in IoT applications modelling and development”. In: Software and Systems Modeling (2022), pp. 131–258. [70] Flavio Corradini et al. “FloWare: An Approach for IoT Support and Application Development”. In: Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021, pp. 350–365.” ([Polini et al., p. 170](zotero://select/library/items/VRTQEWNX)) ([pdf](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/YEB6TW2F?page=186&annotation=2VP9XCIY)) #5fb236
- ### [[Comments]]
- [[@Form_valutazione_tesi_Phd - arianna fedeli.pdf]]
- ### [[REVIEWS/Notes]]
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- The document "Polini et al. - Model-Driven Engineering for IoT Applications: a focus on Reusability and Portability" outlines a comprehensive doctoral thesis by Arianna Fedeli, under the supervision of Prof. Andrea Polini, focusing on advancing the field of Internet of Things (IoT) applications through Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) with an emphasis on reusability and portability. Here is a chapter-wise summary:
- ### I. Prologue
- #### 1. Introduction
- **Motivation:** The thesis addresses the complexity and heterogeneity in IoT applications, highlighting the challenges in design, development, and deployment due to the diverse devices, protocols, and platforms involved. Traditional software development methodologies fall short in addressing these challenges, underscoring the need for a model-driven engineering approach that emphasizes reusability and portability.
- **Research Question and Contributions:** It aims to facilitate a model-driven design, development, and deployment of IoT applications focusing on reusability and portability. The contribution is a comprehensive methodology that leverages MDE principles to address these challenges, supported by a toolchain and microservice infrastructure.
- ### II. Foundations
- #### 2. Internet of Things
- Covers the historical background, key concepts, applications, and trends in the IoT domain, emphasizing the challenges in developing IoT applications due to their complexity and heterogeneity.
- #### 3. Model-Driven Engineering
- Introduces MDE's history, main concepts, and its application in the IoT domain. It discusses the use of domain-specific modeling languages, feature models, and business process models in the context of IoT.
- #### 4. Model-driven Development of IoT Applications: State of the Art
- Provides a review of existing MDE approaches in IoT application development, highlighting their limitations and the open challenges, particularly in enhancing reusability and portability.
- ### III. The Methodology
- #### 5. The Proposed Methodology
- **Methodology at a Glance:** Introduces a structured MDE methodology for developing reusable and portable IoT applications. It uses smart canteen case study to illustrate its application.
- #### 6. FloWare: Enhancing Reusability in IoT Application Development
- Details the design phase of the methodology, focusing on representing the IoT domain and supporting customer requirements through feature models.
- #### 7. FloBP: Integrating the Business Process in IoT Application Development
- Discusses the development phase, emphasizing the integration of IoT elements within business processes to develop IoT-enhanced business processes.
- #### 8. X-IoT: Enhancing Portability in IoT Application Development
- Elaborates on enhancing portability through a domain-specific modeling language, detailing the process from IoT application modeling to deployment across different platforms.
- #### 9. Discussion and Limitations of the Proposed Methodology
- Addresses the extensibility and limitations of the methodology, providing insights into its adaptability and potential areas for improvement.
- ### IV. Evaluation and Validation
- #### 10. Methodology Validation
- Details the validation of the methodology through a supporting architecture prototype and testing the prototype in practical scenarios.
- #### 11. User Evaluation
- Presents a user evaluation of the methodology through workshops, discussing the results, analysis, and threats to validity.
- ### V. Emergent Integration
- #### 12. Digital Twin
- Explores the integration of IoT in the digital twin realm, analyzing digital twin characteristics, and discussing a possible methodology integration.
- ### Conclusion
- The thesis concludes with a discussion on the significant contributions of the proposed methodology, including enhancing reusability and portability in IoT application development. It also outlines future directions for applying the methodology in emerging topics like digital twin modeling and deployment support.
- ### ❓️Questions
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