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- task scheduling assessments
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hl-page:: 1
hl-color:: green
id:: 647f5e8e-3620-4571-b9c1-f09220b15450
- task scheduling technique
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hl-page:: 1
hl-color:: green
id:: 647f5e9f-2447-4500-bdcd-15b963b2979a
- system can be simulated, and its underlying technical complexity reduced by increasing the abstraction level from which these systems are designed
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 1
hl-color:: green
id:: 647f5f7e-46e8-4897-867b-d3796ae03a83
- Domain-Specific Language based on SimulateIoT is proposed for the design, code generation and simulation of IoT systems for the assessment of task-scheduling proposals
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 1
hl-color:: purple
id:: 647f5f91-f7db-4897-8e7b-28ca17cab4aa
- this computing layer is able to provide bet-4 ter QoS to specific IoT applications and users
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hl-page:: 2
hl-color:: green
id:: 647f6380-e364-4ff9-9931-7f9209dcecbb
- delay-sensitive applications
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hl-page:: 2
hl-color:: purple
id:: 647f6386-d7a2-48dc-84d6-b8dee26c420d
- Cloud-to-Thing continuum17 paradigm emerges (Bittencourt et al. 2018).
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hl-page:: 2
hl-color:: blue
id:: 647f639f-d3a0-4976-aa2b-1ad53459a2e1
- services are decomposed into a set26 of tasks which have to be processed by the computing27 nodes of this federation
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hl-page:: 2
hl-color:: green
id:: 647f6468-b055-4af8-b64c-6701e058d6eb
- avoiding the aforementioned costs in device49 acquisition, configuration, etc.
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hl-page:: 2
hl-color:: purple
id:: 647f64a0-95a6-4a45-9d57-648e15abd462
- ncreasing the abstrac- 56 tion level from which the IoT systems are designed helps 57 to tackle the underlying technological complexity
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hl-page:: 2
hl-color:: purple
id:: 647f64b7-a576-4fcd-93d3-6531a0a77dc1
- SimulateIoT
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hl-color:: blue
id:: 647f64bd-99f0-4158-a681-ad89a16ef3df
- SimulateIoT is 70 not able to simulate a suitably IoT infrastructure to test 71 task scheduling proposals
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 2
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 647f64d4-f72c-40d8-bcb1-eb48fe898756
hl-stamp:: 1686070504651
- simulator proposed
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hl-page:: 2
hl-color:: red
id:: 647f64f9-eaf0-43b0-acff-2a0cf2c7c9fc
- required infrastructure
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hl-color:: green
id:: 648034ed-aab7-4368-9e59-4f331b9e80f7
- ask 79 scheduling
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hl-page:: 2
hl-color:: green
id:: 648034f2-12b5-49ac-81d6-f73b39042e8e
- deploy
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hl-color:: green
id:: 648034f6-143f-44f6-b222-39970cab79e4
- test
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hl-page:: 2
hl-color:: green
id:: 648034f8-447c-4a0d-965f-af46f41329a7
- compare
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hl-page:: 2
hl-color:: green
id:: 648034fa-7477-46e8-b3bd-759a1420f88e
- analyse
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hl-color:: green
id:: 648034fc-c2ce-46a2-b554-717cd292a457
- task scheduling proposals
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 2
hl-color:: purple
id:: 64803500-26b6-4415-89ee-f5ea449e3e8c
- The main work contributions are the following:
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 2
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 6480352b-4a9e-4a09-9e56-952713e6db98
hl-stamp:: 1686123861006
- IoT simulators
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 3
hl-color:: green
id:: 64803a1a-ce8e-4a61-9317-e1cab016d14e
- IoT systems with task scheduling features
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 3
hl-color:: green
id:: 64803a25-9a5d-486b-835e-d4c8537ea000
- mathematical model, which could negatively impact52 the trustworthiness of the simulato
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 3
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 64803a8f-03a6-4f91-a4a9-c1499ca459e6
- Besides, note that this sim- 69 ulator is based on a mathematical model, which could 70 negatively impact the trustworthiness of the simulator.
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 3
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 64803ad6-c439-4a34-b326-7d06133d7642
- which could negatively impact37 the trustworthiness of the simulator
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 3
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 64803adc-f075-4494-b954-4a39e1ff894a
- WorkflowSim
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hl-page:: 3
hl-color:: green
id:: 64803b22-c6bd-4603-aebb-4bec15980286
- WorkflowSim
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hl-color:: green
id:: 64803b25-aa64-4899-8d67-fa091eaa398c
- 1) The proposed simulator
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id:: 64803b6c-2fa4-47ec-9d8d-a0ed587b9f53
- The rest of the simula- 95 tors described above base their results on mathematical 96 models
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hl-page:: 3
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 64803c6b-b153-4456-b7df-b38219206c5b
- a simulator
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hl-color:: red
id:: 64803ca7-c2f8-4bea-8280-2576c99242ea
- current simulation needs
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id:: 64803cbd-ce52-49ba-aaa7-a19990fdb8dc
- the aim of this section is also to outline5 the new features added as part of this extension
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- it is required to extend: 1)33 The Metamodel or Abstract Syntax (M2)
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id:: 64803d32-deb0-46e8-83ec-32c052a928bf
- 2) The Graphi-34 cal Concrete Syntax or the element that allows to graph-35 ically design models (M1) from the Metamodel (M2) and
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 4
hl-color:: green
id:: 64803d3a-1c81-45cc-8556-66909e2e0b80
- 3) Model-to-Text Transformations (M2T), the element37 that carries out the code generation (M0) from models38(M1).
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 4
hl-color:: green
id:: 64803d3e-7801-4590-ad9f-3e71182500b9
- fed-46 eration
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hl-color:: green
id:: 64803d64-7cb4-4c8f-8c0d-0a1bf38b599e
- exten- 61 sions in this communication (coloured in red)
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 4
hl-color:: green
id:: 64803da2-996f-4d95-98bd-62354ea415b2
- previous version of the 63 simulator (coloured in blue)
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 4
hl-color:: green
id:: 64803da6-179f-4cc8-a81e-6ff1b6df69c9
- [:span]
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 5
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 64803ddb-3a89-4f96-9e8e-5d6a6c7f33c3
hl-type:: area
hl-stamp:: 1686126040756
- Task Processor
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hl-page:: 5
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 64804108-1977-4b05-be71-27c9cafeb120
- Furthermore, note that the Networking Node can also2 share the status of each link (current delay and avail-3 able bandwidth) with the Task Scheduler. In this way,4 the Task Scheduler can use this data for scheduling5 purposes.
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 6
hl-color:: green
id:: 6480418a-b4e4-46e8-8268-c9882a9d0056
- the resulting simulator allows users to simu-10 late suitable IoT systems where users can perform sev-11 eral tests and analyse their task scheduling proposals12 without the need for high investment in the acquisition13 of devices, their configuration, deployment, etc.
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 6
hl-color:: green
id:: 648041b9-7042-446a-a0cf-3bb0af70be3d
- Before extending SimulateIoT towards the Cloud-17 to-Things continuum and towards task scheduling,18 it is first necessary to identify the main concepts19 of these systems
ls-type:: annotation
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hl-color:: green
id:: 6480473e-61c8-497c-8078-84da74d6c222
- In this regard, this section addresses these concepts24 in detail
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hl-color:: yellow
id:: 6480474c-5f9b-4426-9661-7b3576c71f90
- dependency
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 6
hl-color:: green
id:: 64804815-e8d3-47b4-95b8-ba8d9233548e
- size
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 6
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 64804838-ed30-4849-a098-7a51df981bfb
- offloadSize which represent the size 58(bytes) of the data that have to be transmitted from the 59 source Task to the target Task
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 6
hl-color:: green
id:: 64804858-3a03-40a1-bd35-95bdc8ffd1c5
- Note that the offloadSize attribute 62 represents the offload size (bytes) of the processing 63 results of a Task.
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 6
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 64804875-2d41-46c6-bea4-6f321bc3002d
- Task Apps, which 71 can be deployed in the different nodes of the fog and 72 cloud layers.
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 6
hl-color:: green
id:: 64804a87-ed97-4eca-aa27-69a78eec0200
- limited to 80 consuming these resources and services.
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hl-color:: green
id:: 64804aab-2053-4ae3-b3fd-5f8960913c31
- can help these layers in the provision of these6 services and resources to the rest of the system
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hl-color:: green
id:: 64804ac3-2d4d-42cf-a261-2420a8bca499
- they are able to provide better latency,11 request-response time, etc. This new paradigm is called12 Cloud-Edge computing
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hl-color:: green
id:: 64804ad6-f6c3-4ca7-8c9a-25e2f8c90710
- ask scheduling is often applied to environments that28 have a Cloud-to-Things continuum infrastructure
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 7
hl-color:: green
id:: 6480b864-4d18-46c1-8f45-35a6adf121d5
- SimulateIoT is a hybrid simula-41 tor/emulator of IoT systems
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hl-color:: green
id:: 6480b88d-85ec-43e8-9c1f-74d7d2fdf7e2
- configuring the network where49 simulations will be deployed could be a tedious, error-50 prone and costly task.
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hl-color:: green
id:: 6480b8ba-0e82-47ce-a1e8-7e0292a7978c
- this component 73 is the most relevant, as it is where the simulator will 74 integrate users task scheduling proposals,
ls-type:: annotation
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hl-color:: green
id:: 6480b8ef-d3ca-4804-b12d-b8092acb22c4
- offloaded Tasks
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hl-color:: green
id:: 6480e0f5-d29f-49fa-8dfb-ffc0cba39d58
- data
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hl-page:: 7
hl-color:: green
id:: 6480e0fd-7915-4518-a727-d82efae991fd
- between each node
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hl-page:: 7
hl-color:: green
id:: 6480e102-10e5-4e09-97ca-6b81b2b4e057
- ardware usage
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hl-color:: green
id:: 6480e10c-0a3b-45d6-b129-5f9e890a09e1
- return of 95 the scheduled Tasks
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id:: 6480e116-131e-4246-b0f3-db94d7dd0821
- 1) Metamodel or Abstract13 Syntax
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hl-color:: green
id:: 6480e2ae-4bb9-4782-bfa6-16e315c38b23
- 2) Graphical Concrete Syntax
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hl-color:: green
id:: 6480e2b1-3dad-4090-9fff-815ea925dc80
- 3) Model-to-14 Text Transformations (M2T)
ls-type:: annotation
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hl-color:: yellow
id:: 6480e2b5-58da-4cf5-a34b-95a0e61bb1e8
hl-stamp:: 1686168253876
- model partially real-19 ity
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hl-color:: red
id:: 6480e2ec-6f8b-4dee-87de-456ccdb9869e
- task scheduling32 capabilities and with a Cloud-to-Thing continuum infras-33 tructure
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hl-color:: purple
id:: 6480e320-6237-4872-a3bc-5a8a1da828fe
- with enough expressiveness to define IoT systems with a36 Cloud-to-Thing continuum infrastructure and with task37 scheduling capabilities
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hl-color:: purple
id:: 6482f85b-4b1d-4115-967a-8dd0c999f404
- section is divided into46 the domain-specific concepts identified in Section
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id:: 6482f883-5392-4735-be82-71e7b7d5338f
- (classes and relations shown in Figure 4). In this re- 52 gard, note that this section does not aim to describe how 53 these components work internally, which is addressed 54 in Section 6, where M2T are presented. 55 Finally, note that in this section, to better describe 56 the elements of the metamodel, the numerical labels 57 shown in Figure 4 are used below as references in the 58 text. These references are used by means of the expres- 59 sion [class name] x , where x is the label associated 60 with the [class] in Figure 4.
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id:: 6482f8e7-e5b0-48de-a41e-8e18bc36c213
- Task 74 will be generated
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hl-color:: yellow
id:: 64830213-e06f-4ee8-8fd3-b414a1fb2ea5
- offload_size, to allow users to3 model the offload size of each Workflow_edge (data4 transmission between Workflow_nodes).
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 10
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 648334c7-8ec6-4e62-be49-0fab38b6de95
- Task34 Apps that will be deployed on each fog or cloud node35 during the simulation
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hl-page:: 10
hl-color:: green
id:: 6483353a-88a7-40e3-a07c-0c48fe181c1e
- Networking 69 Node code of each modelled node
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hl-color:: green
id:: 6483381b-dff4-4a77-94d8-4c9e380a8992
- Thus, the following lists 74 and describes the classes
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hl-color:: green
id:: 6483383f-3bf0-4907-b16b-5cd306f481b5
- . Thus, the following lists 74 and describes the classes and relationship
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 10
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 64833845-6df3-4c5f-a0dd-2d406d504b8b
- node federations
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hl-color:: green
id:: 64833858-395f-4935-9a4a-0783f6afe4d7
- Environment
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hl-page:: 10
hl-color:: green
id:: 648338ad-586b-4013-83aa-22bff8e3bb58
- Node
ls-type:: annotation
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hl-color:: green
id:: 648338b5-e0e0-4f37-8c06-f5f1cb4a3c50
- Links that connect each node belonging 98 to the same federation
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hl-color:: green
id:: 648338f3-619c-459f-9842-62616fb4568e
- SimulateIoT40 does not support the deployment of task scheduling41 approaches in its simulations as it does not have the42 required components for this purpose, such as compo-43 nents that generate tasks, process them, etc.
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 4
hl-color:: purple
id:: 64888589-7318-48ab-8159-167032dc703b
- [:span]
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 5
hl-color:: green
id:: 648885ec-87a7-42e1-b844-d2f55727005a
hl-type:: area
hl-stamp:: 1686668778106
- On the one hand, the scheduling is carried8 out in the fog or cloud layer by the Task Scheduler
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 5
hl-color:: green
id:: 64888896-726e-4938-bcb5-8b6a26af438f
- component that belongs to the Entities that support10 task scheduling (
ls-type:: annotation
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hl-color:: green
id:: 6488889c-a9e3-43d1-906d-6bd54d9780a8
- The CPU and RAM concepts have been included in17 SimulateIoT regarding the processing of Tasks
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 5
hl-color:: green
id:: 648888d5-c7d1-4424-b3cb-e0148ce982cb
- that will be used when processing Tasks
ls-type:: annotation
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hl-color:: green
id:: 648888df-89b2-414c-a15e-0b8339814f00
- acting as a single entity rather than 28 isolated nodes
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hl-color:: green
id:: 64888bc1-6144-4269-8b7a-0bab4f42b556
- Networking
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hl-color:: yellow
id:: 64888bd3-99f2-4bbe-8fa6-edb7a85a7299
hl-stamp:: 1686670318485
- Node
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hl-color:: green
id:: 64888bd5-29ca-4e20-9198-2c42a931e39f
- Tasks by means of38 workflows that the nodes designed for these purposes39 will generate, offload, schedule or process.
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 6
hl-color:: purple
id:: 64888dd3-28ed-443b-85a3-455becba92ff
hl-stamp:: 1686670806117
- Task and workflow will be used as41 synonyms.
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 6
hl-color:: purple
id:: 64888de2-ba77-4fd7-b15f-0ae75676edc7
- This workflow represents a Tasks de-44 composed in four Tasks, Task A, Task B, Task C and45 Task D.
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 6
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 64888f67-daaf-47ec-8ede-a20e8579dd8f
hl-stamp:: 1686671212219
- Extensions of Model-to-text transfor-40 mations
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 12
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 648894cf-c51b-47d7-9cc7-3a5859c12ef8
- health-38 care, traffic safety and control (IoV) or industry (IIoT)
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 23
hl-color:: green
id:: 64889551-47dd-425c-82ed-171c2ef044c6
hl-stamp:: 1686672724413
- predictive maintenance of electric 64 motors, as well as the suitability of the application of 65 IoT and task scheduling to achieve this purpose, it has 66 been considered appealing to show the application of 67 the proposed simulator in this context.
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hl-page:: 23
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 648895a8-2048-405d-ab8a-9c8a5afbd768
hl-stamp:: 1686672810203
- predicting the failure of 71 electric motors
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hl-color:: yellow
id:: 648895b4-b153-476b-9506-928d675b2ac1
hl-stamp:: 1686672825509
- i
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hl-color:: red
id:: 64889622-3847-4351-a92c-d5366aff6c1c
hl-stamp:: 1686672932818
- ii) to generate configuration code to deploy all the20 generated services, such as the message brokers21 necessary, including the topic configurations de-22 fined, the gateway configurations, etc.
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hl-color:: yellow
id:: 648896a5-7b5e-4812-bc7e-a58ff156a535
hl-stamp:: 1686673068163
- Simulation analysis
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hl-color:: yellow
id:: 648897a2-020c-4402-ad68-e65073f838ba
- based on51 a mathematical model, which could negatively impact52 the trustworthiness of the simulator.
ls-type:: annotation
hl-page:: 3
hl-color:: yellow
id:: 64889be0-aaf4-4ea3-ba07-f1dfee2378d0