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• A Systematic Mapping ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 3 hl-color:: green id:: 65b60aea-1b1c-410e-9ba5-99efa7f9d2e1
• Landscape of Software Modelling Assistants ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 3 hl-color:: green id:: 65b60aef-bde8-46e1-bdff-cd155cda12d1
• What has been proposed to assist humans in software modelling tasks? ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 3 hl-color:: blue id:: 65b60c17-9b44-4c94-8fc5-f1bffc5ee58d
• we systematically elucidate the state of the art in assistants for software modelling and their use in MDSE and low-code/no-code tools ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 3 hl-color:: purple id:: 65b60c20-9ed6-4738-ade8-907ea7b9aa1a
• i) how is software modelling assisted? ii) what goals and limitations do existing MDSE tools report in terms of modelling assistance? iii) which evaluation metrics and target users do existing MDSE tools consider for modelling assistance? ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 3 hl-color:: purple id:: 65b60c3e-6141-4792-88fc-2f12a2b36d21
• Understanding the behaviour and skills of users, understanding the modelling context, and increasing the automation scope are examples of not yet solved challenges in modelling assistance. ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 4 hl-color:: blue id:: 65b60cfe-8bee-42b3-a84f-2f70f7f45115
• tate of development in this area? ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 4 hl-color:: green id:: 65b60d1d-1b56-476e-930e-3b3b2cb768a3
• without any restriction regarding technology, strategy, or domain ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 4 hl-color:: green id:: 65b60d2e-639a-48be-851a-5123e0d733f9
• MRQ: What proposals exist in the literature and practice to assist humans during modelling tasks in MDSE tools? ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 4 hl-color:: purple id:: 65b60d38-0de2-446d-8b8e-d51b6c7add1f
• selected 44 proposals from a set of 2.613 records using inclusion/exclusion criteria ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 4 hl-color:: green id:: 65b60fdd-c136-47cc-b20f-e033c3cf31a0
• We clustered, analysed, and discussed the data. ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 4 hl-color:: green id:: 65b60fed-a9fe-4f7c-9dcc-4595285de1ac
• including tools, techniques, methods, frameworks, and languages. ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 5 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b61014-d487-462d-b10a-79d30170e4f8
• Regarding goals, we found seven clusters of goals such as addressing change propagation, enhancing consistency checking, ensuring model compatibility, improving model quality, improving user interaction, easing model evolution and supporting vulnerability detection. ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 5 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b6103a-fcdb-4a1f-8be3-d528066afbe5
• imitation clusters, including accuracy, effort, generality, learnability, and scope limitations ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 5 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b610c8-cd95-4969-94bd-dd0dd113326d
• Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 5 hl-color:: green id:: 65b610f0-8dd9-4cdb-a059-16f74b9f391c
• strategies, goals, limitations, target users, and metrics documented in practice for assisting during modelling tasks ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 5 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b61381-09e5-42ef-b3c0-c4c1b59b44aa
• goals, limitations, and evaluation metrics ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 5 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b616d0-fcbe-4867-bcb4-b0b162fff67d hl-stamp:: 1706432215070
• we consider proposing a shared framework essential for improving software modelling assistants’ design. ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 5 hl-color:: green id:: 65b616fc-4a6e-4b93-bf3c-92e9b45583cf
• AssistMDSE ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 5 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b61705-c868-4e4d-b3eb-6813776500e9
• emerging framework ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 5 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b617aa-66c4-4975-b5b0-a6abb3152b54 hl-stamp:: 1706432431509
• In Section 5, we conduct the review on MDSE tools available in practice based on the GMQ ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 6 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b6181b-f5f1-447d-9b7c-e7f6cfec3460
• i) modelling assistance for Model-Driven Engineering tools (MDE) ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 6 hl-color:: green id:: 65b61859-a759-47ec-80cb-b3fe5a94c30b
• ii) specific strategies to assist users during modelling tasks in MDSE tools ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 6 hl-color:: green id:: 65b61864-7c1a-4ba5-9c0e-5a362f111d09
• Reviews on modelling assistance for MDE tools ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 6 hl-color:: green id:: 65b618a0-4369-423c-b604-0ab4019b4768
• Reviews on modelling assistance for MDSE tools using specific strategies ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 7 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b618a6-c3d7-4664-8066-f3f960a9f8c7 hl-stamp:: 1706432824658
• Fig. 1. Research overview. ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 6 hl-color:: red id:: 65b61978-9b68-4065-ae96-1712cec27c49 hl-stamp:: 1706432891015
• Fig. 2. Systematic mapping study design overview ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 7 hl-color:: red id:: 65b619ba-f450-4d98-a1d0-d0514aa567c2
• research questions ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 7 hl-color:: green id:: 65b619d3-e211-4bf6-b500-198c37eda837
• search strateg ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 7 hl-color:: green id:: 65b619d6-5825-49e9-bef2-32dab590bf47
• inclusion/exclusion criteria ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 7 hl-color:: green id:: 65b619d9-0ea9-4c90-aebc-9aab8a7cee43
• quality assessment ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 7 hl-color:: green id:: 65b619dc-7ff7-43af-a7bb-1d94be9b49b3
• data extraction ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 7 hl-color:: green id:: 65b619df-937f-4508-9fe8-5524a1732164
• What proposals exist in the literature and practice to assist humans during modelling tasks in MDSE tools? ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 7 hl-color:: green id:: 65b619ee-1fbd-488e-a0f7-f1c9f3a69036
• Based on the initial set of RQs and MRQ, ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 8 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b61a30-7fef-4ab4-8950-f29705a6b5b7
• RQ1. How is software modelling assisted? ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 8 hl-color:: green id:: 65b61a86-0adb-4277-bd64-6b6f3df56e22
• RQ2. What goals and limitations do existing MDSE tools report in terms of modelling assistance? ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 8 hl-color:: green id:: 65b61a91-26bf-429e-bb6e-2cfc0ff812ee
• RQ3. Which evaluation metrics and target users do existing MDSE tools consider for modelling assistance? ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 8 hl-color:: green id:: 65b61a97-c4b9-4ea6-8cbc-526d8b3a4bcb
• goal is analysing modelling assistants in tools that automatically produce software as an output ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 8 hl-color:: purple id:: 65b61ab8-dd75-427f-a857-fca8cdf77886
• specific proposal ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 9 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b61bcc-c956-45a9-b814-76ee6f67ca88
• assisting in developing MDSE tools ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 10 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b61bfe-c4bd-43c8-b3eb-d300ba4fbab1
• subjective and objective quality assessments ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 10 hl-color:: green id:: 65b61c8e-ab27-4bc1-abea-5cb088e9fa5b
• We aim to extract data from our systematic mapping studies based on RQ1, RQ2, and RQ3 ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 11 hl-color:: green id:: 65b61d13-74e9-4166-b0b4-d43523c0ea08
• 807 records more ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 12 hl-color:: green id:: 65b61d78-a813-4de4-8862-e52f83f0dbde
• K-Statistic ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 12 hl-color:: green id:: 65b61d8c-545a-48cb-883b-23b2b48eb9dc
• tools, techniques, methods, frameworks, guidelines, and languages ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 13 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b61e0c-e5e8-4010-a12a-3ed52930c711
• collaborative management tools ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 13 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b61e59-1a11-4aff-9727-43a42f9205c6
• collaborative modelling frameworks ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 13 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b61e6e-1277-497f-9b1b-a00f01797a4a
• existing MDSE tool ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 14 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b623e5-d38c-40df-a3a5-d76c07b9ae93
• do not explicitly specify their limitations. ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 14 hl-color:: green id:: 65b62463-805a-4898-b9d0-889ff4aa3d23
• proposals’ goals ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 14 hl-color:: purple id:: 65b638c5-2bc9-4fba-a5a8-a4c116616452
• proposals’ limitations ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 14 hl-color:: purple id:: 65b638ca-8d1b-48a4-8a2a-37a584e15b66
• of the practice ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 21 hl-color:: green id:: 65b63b2f-2b52-4567-b61e-0b530879cd92
• Overview on Reviewing MDSE tools ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 21 hl-color:: red id:: 65b63b5a-ee22-40e8-96ca-de4efdf35cbe
• proposals for assisting during modelling tasks ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 21 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b68240-aa64-4a3f-a4ed-4293363621e8
• ssist users during modelling tasks ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 21 hl-color:: green id:: 65b6832e-e323-4de2-ae35-aed9b7ee051f
• OutSystems [68], Mendix [69], Microsoft Power Apps[70], Salesforce [71], and ServiceNow [72] ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 22 hl-color:: green id:: 65b68652-7031-49ab-9825-b5e19f1c5d69
• Leaders ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 22 hl-color:: green id:: 65b68655-a20b-4e59-b51b-a9b989850758
• We observe that most proposals (12; 80.0%) mention the strategy they follow for assisting during modelling, including keywords such as: AI-power capabilities, templates, scanners, recommenders, model inspectors, AI assistants, and intelligent wizards ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 26 hl-color:: purple id:: 65b6869f-08a8-48b2-82dc-f3b829158afc
• 5 State of the practice on modelling assistance in MDSE tools5 ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 21 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b686cc-087d-4055-91cc-40ecf1faae3b
• selection bias, data extraction bias, and inter-rater reliability. ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 27 hl-color:: green id:: 65b6945d-0911-4ce8-990a-c46b06c3630b
• This lack of data hinders comparison between proposals and triggers a need to improve modelling assistance proposals’ design. ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 29 hl-color:: green id:: 65b694a3-a6a3-42d9-8676-f9474284a81d
• strategies, goals, limitations, target users, and evaluation metrics ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 29 hl-color:: blue id:: 65b694b5-45c3-4863-8d85-b5477b9803ab
• Fig. 11. ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 30 hl-color:: red id:: 65b694bc-5d75-45dd-8480-e1a626352288
• As a result, we proposed a framework focused on the "who", target users to assist; the “how”, strategy to assist target users; and the “what”, specific set of requirements aim to be me ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 30 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b6a605-b507-47df-8d85-d3812c60aeba
• we propose AssistMDSE, an emerging framework to design software modelling assistants ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 30 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b6a84d-429b-4937-b6d2-30d3b5482066 hl-stamp:: 1706469455848
• o design ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 30 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b6a873-0f35-447f-8859-114769858b6e
• A modelling assistant for automatically creating Digital Health models in MDSE tools. ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 31 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b6a8da-bf5f-4c89-bdf2-b2559b992feb
• Whatscount ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 31 hl-color:: green id:: 65b6b1e5-3abe-4b23-8b49-791d04335d28
• digital health software using an inhouse MDSE tool. ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 31 hl-color:: green id:: 65b6b1ef-deca-4a52-81d5-131554dfd01b
• formally specify modelling patterns ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 32 hl-color:: green id:: 65b6b206-93c4-4fca-865f-32840b380899
• G6. Easing model evolution. ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 32 hl-color:: yellow id:: 65b6b221-2581-4f81-96d8-45bf0b719f03 hl-stamp:: 1706471971680